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What kinds of processes in
individual animals
guide actions?
habitual
Action occurs in the presence of Stimulus.
Agent is rewarded [/punished]
Stimulus-Action Link is strengthened [/weakened] due to reward [/punishment]
Given Stimulus, will Action occur? It depends on the strength of the Stimulus-Action Link.
habitual vs habitual
‘A habitual action, state, or way of behaving is one that someone usually does or has, especially one that is considered to be typical or characteristic of them.’
Habitual
Thorndyke’s Law of Effect:
‘The presentation of an effective [=rewarding] outcome following an action [...] reinforces
a connection between the stimuli present when the action is performed and the action itself
so that subsequent presentations of these stimuli elicit the [...] action as a response’
Dickinson, 1994 p. 48
habitual
Action occurs in the presence of Stimulus.
Agent is rewarded [/punished]
Stimulus-Action Link is strengthened [/weakened] due to reward [/punishment]
Given Stimulus, will Action occur? It depends on the strength of the Stimulus-Action Link.
instrumental
Action leads to Outcome.
Action-Outcome Link is strengthened.
Agent has strong [/weak] positive [/negative] Preference for Outcome
Will Action occur? It depends on the strength of Action-Outcome Link and Agent’s Preference.