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Processes: Habitual vs Instrumental

What kinds of processes in individual animals guide actions?

What kinds of processes in

individual animals

guide actions?

habitual

Action occurs in the presence of Stimulus.

Agent is rewarded [/punished]

Stimulus-Action Link is strengthened [/weakened] due to reward [/punishment]

Given Stimulus, will Action occur? It depends on the strength of the Stimulus-Action Link.

Let’s check we all understand the key terms here.
Action may be a complex, coordinated goal-directed action, such as pressing a lever.

habitual vs habitual

‘A habitual action, state, or way of behaving is one that someone usually does or has, especially one that is considered to be typical or characteristic of them.’

Habitual

Thorndyke’s Law of Effect:

\emph{Thorndyke’s Law of Effect}:

‘The presenta­tion of an effective [=rewarding] outcome following an action [...] rein­forces
a connection between the stimuli present when the action is per­formed and the action itself
so that subsequent presentations of these stimuli elicit the [...] action as a response’

\citep[p.48]{Dickinson:1994sm}

Dickinson, 1994 p. 48

habitual

Action occurs in the presence of Stimulus.

Agent is rewarded [/punished]

Stimulus-Action Link is strengthened [/weakened] due to reward [/punishment]

Given Stimulus, will Action occur? It depends on the strength of the Stimulus-Action Link.

instrumental

Action leads to Outcome.
 

Action-Outcome Link is strengthened.

Agent has strong [/weak] positive [/negative] Preference for Outcome

Will Action occur? It depends on the strength of Action-Outcome Link and Agent’s Preference.